Minnesota
Overview
Minnesota is home to abundant coldwater streams with robust populations of native and wild trout, and a legacy of public support for restoration, environmental education, and angling access. Thousands of stream miles span unique landscapes from rugged and rocky forests of Lake Superior’s North Shore to the steep hills and bluffs of the southeast Driftless Region. For decades, Minnesota has been a leader in coldwater fisheries conservation, with premier angling opportunities along over 1,700 miles of publicly accessible trout waters across the state, including native brook and wild brown trout in the Driftless, steelhead and coaster brook trout in the Northeast, and even native brook trout within minutes of the Minneapolis-St.Paul metropolitan area.
Fish We're Protecting
Threats & Opportunities
Habitat degradation from land development, agriculture, and deforestation, along with climate change threaten the future of Minnesota’s coldwater fisheries. For five decades, Minnesota TU (MNTU) has worked with local partners, including state and federal agencies, to reconnect streams, restore habitat, improve climate resilience, educate youth and communities, and advocate for policies that protect coldwater fisheries and watersheds.
What We're Accomplishing
Collaborating with diverse partners to advance restoration priorities.
Our statewide stream restoration accomplishments are made possible through local, state and federal partnerships, public angling easements on private lands, and dedicated volunteers across five TU chapters. Most of our habitat work is funded through the Outdoor Heritage Fund, established by a state constitutional amendment dedicating sales tax revenue to protecting Minnesota’s natural resources. This competitive grant process has enabled us to expand our restoration program, improving stream habitat and climate resilience statewide.
Boosting trout and other species populations through focused restoration.
Habitat improvement projects boost wild trout populations, improve water quality, enhance wildlife habitat and increase angling access. Although methods vary by project, our work focuses on restoring floodplain access, improving stream stability and sediment transport, and enhancing habitat for all life stages of trout.
Reconnecting stream habitat to benefit all aquatic species.
Unobstructed waterways are crucial for trout to spawn, feed, overwinter and find coldwater refuge during warm, low summer flows. Dams, road crossings and culverts disrupt these routes, particularly in northeastern Minnesota, where native brook trout populations are at risk. We work with the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources to strategically identify and replace barriers with the greatest potential to reconnect wild brook trout habitat.
Advocating for policies that protect and benefit coldwater resources.
Protecting coldwater fisheries requires safeguarding the waters, watersheds and aquifers upon which trout, steelhead and salmon depend. We educate decision-makers and advocate for responsible ecosystem management, focusing on public water access; agricultural runoff, soil and water contamination, and feedlot impacts; preventing sulfide mining in the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness; protecting Lake Superior from invasive species and other threats; and preventing fish kills.
Connecting with stream champions.
Our outreach and education programs connect individuals, youth and families with local watersheds through hands-on experiences that deepen their understanding of aquatic ecosystems and environmental stewardship. A robust Trout in the Classroom program supports more than 60 classrooms statewide, where students raise trout from eggs to fingerlings for release into local waterways. Our annual Great Waters Fly Fishing Expo is also a longstanding fixture of the Upper Midwest fly fishing community.
How You Can Help
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Minnesota Conservation Leader
Jennifer Biederman
Minnesota State Habitat Director
Minnesota State Habitat Director
Priority Waters
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The Lake Superior basin in MN
Lake Superior, the world’s largest freshwater lake, is home to the greatest lake trout population in the country, as well as steelhead, brook and brown trout, steelhead, and chinook, coho and pink salmon. Lake Superior’s tributaries support resident native and wild trout and the unique life history of Great Lakes resident trout and salmon that use the tributaries for spawning, including native coaster brook trout.
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The Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness (BWCAW) watershed
The BWCAW is a special place, filled with the wonders of the Northwoods and an awe-inspiring landscape shaped by glacial movements millennia ago. At nearly 1.1 million acres, the Boundary Waters spreads across the northeastern tip of Minnesota. It is a vast boreal forest consisting of interconnected lakes, streams, wetlands and aquifers that provide some of the best fishing the world has to offer. More than a hundred of those lakes are deep, clear, cold, well-oxygenated and hold lake trout, one of Minnesota’s two native species of trout. The BWCAW is currently under threat from proposed sulfide-ore copper mining on the edge of the Boundary Waters. Industrial scale mining would cause irreparable damage to the very quality that makes these public lands and waters so unique. MNTU is working with state and federal partners to advocate for protection of this irreplaceable wilderness and world-class fishery.
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The Vermillion River watershed
The Vermillion River Watershed is an approximately 364-square mile watershed located in the Lower Mississippi River Basin. The Vermillion River supports a naturally reproducing population of brown trout and a portion of the main stem of the upper Vermillion River and some of its tributaries have been designated as trout streams by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. Agricultural runoff, stormwater runoff and stream bank erosion are having negative effects on the watershed’s water quality. MNTU has implemented a number of stream restoration projects on the Vermillion creating a high-quality fishery within walking distance of suburban homes and within an hour’s drive of the majority of the state’s population. Projects have improved fishing access to the river and trout habitat, created colder stream temperatures, stabilized stream channels, decreased erosion, and created a more suitable plant community.
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Driftless Ecoregion
The unique, 24,000-square-mile, unglaciated Driftless Area in the heart of the Upper Mississippi River basin is a natural resource treasure. The scenic landscape, with its steep hills and rocky bluffs, is home to one of the country’s most remarkable freshwater resources — more than 600 coldwater limestone spring-fed creeks supporting a world-class trout fishery. Over 5,700 miles of mineral-rich spring creeks weave across the landscape. These streams support abundant populations of trout, which in turn, attract tens of thousands of anglers to the region each year. Agricultural runoff, feedlots, and stream bank erosion are having negative effects on the watershed’s water quality. MNTU has implemented over 75 stream restoration projects in the region and advocated with agencies and the legislature for stronger policies to protect these world class streams. Over 75 stream restoration projects have been completed in Minnesota’s Driftless Area through a collaboration between MNTU and Trout Unlimited’s Driftless Area Restoration Effort.
